Outline of Chapter 4: Understanding Student Differences in "Psychology Applied to Teaching" 11th edition By: Jack Snowman and Robert Biehler

I. The Nature & Measurement of Intelligence

A. The Origin of Intelligence Testing

1. In 1904, Alfred Binet was appointed to a commission in Paris to withdraw & recommend procedures for educating mentally retarded children. The commission recommended that mentally retarded children be admitted to a special school, but except after an educational & medical examination. The test was knowing to measure everyday classroom activities, including memory, attention, comprehension, discrimination, & reasoning.

2. In 1916, Lewis Terman of Stanford University change the test, & it became an extremely popular word test cognize as the Stanford-Binet.

a. Terman added a global measure known as the intelligence quotient (IQ).

b. Note: Although many texts tranquillize report the experienced IQ formula, it has only historical interest now because two the Wechsler & modern Stanford-Binet use deviation scores.

3. The history of the intelligence test illustrates why it predicts academic performance better than romp performance, income, or any other variable.

a. It is probably better called a test of scholastic aptitude or social ability.

b. Binet neer endorsed its use to limit opportunities for students, but many have matt-up that intelligence test scores have sometimes been use to limit opportunities for rather than to create them.

B. What Traditional Intelligence Tests Measure

1.



In 1904, psychologist Charles Spearman noticed that performance on different mental abilities tests was link up (a general or g factor) but varied somewhat from integrity specific test to another (a set of specific or s factors), as rankings of individuals changed somewhat from test to test.

2. This two-factor possible action of intelligence became popular as a way to place what intelligence tests measured: a general ability, plus one or more specific factors.

3. Individual intelligence tests still reflect the influence of Binet & Spearman in their construction.

a. They predict school...

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